A text has a life of its own, independent of its author, and often with a multiplicity of meanings. And what about the reader? Reader-oriented theories recognize that readers bring to the text different worlds of experience and presuppositions. Such interpretative worlds bring out what is latent in the text. The text has no inherent meaning; indeed, some scholars assert that it is the reader who creates textual meaning. A modified version of this approach would be that meaning
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